Essay about Coming Of Age In Mississippi - 1377 Words

Coming of Age in Mississippi is an eye-opening testimony to the racism that exemplified what it was like to be an African American living in the south before and after the civil rights movements in the 50s and 60s. African Americans had been given voting and citizen rights, but did not and to a certain degree, still can not enjoy these rights. The southern economy that Anne Moody was born into in the 40s was one that was governed and ruled by a bunch of whites, many of which who very prejudice. This caused for a very hard up bringing for a young African American girl. Coming of Age in Mississippi broadened horizon of what it was like for African Americans to live during the 40s, 50, and 60s. There are many traces of†¦show more content†¦Also, I think that since she was busy with everything else in her life that she could not really hang out with friends, church was a place for her to make some friends. Religion was not just a factor for Anne, but for many of the slaves during the Civil War. The slaves would use religion as a way to get away from the harsh realities of their lives. Also they viewed Jesus and Moses as heroes who lead their people to freedom. Their religion was aimed toward the real world rather than being in heaven when they died. Basically, their singing or praying was about being delivered from slavery. They also used hymns as special codes for meeting points while trying to escape. To me the song Swanee River has a different meaning to the song on page 129. To me Swanne River was talking about being at home and a child, being around the familiar faces; your family and friends. Also, I think that home refers to being back on the plantation where they know they have security. Not in the sense of being safe, but being where they know and somewhat have fun. The song on page 129 about gods hebben means to me that black and white people are the same, minus the color of their skin. It is saying that every one is the same in God s eyes, and when we get to heaven we are all going to look the same. To me the Swanee River song tells me that the black people miss being at home and as much as they hated being owned by whites they miss being on theShow MoreRelatedComing of Age in Mississippi2022 Words   |  9 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi Anne Moody Questions: 1. What did the murder of Samuel O’Quinn do to Anne Moody? 2. What were the causes of Anne Moody’s relationship with her mother changing when she went to college at Tougaloo? 3. During the movement, why was organizing in Canton, Mississippi so much more difficult than in Jackson, Mississippi? Introduction Coming of Age in Mississippi is an autobiographical book written by Anne Moody. The book entails the struggles throughout an AfricanRead MoreThe Monograph Coming of age in Mississippi1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ MONOGRAPH PAPER COMING OF AGE IN MISSISSIPPI Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody was published on 1968. This autobiography is memoires of Anne Moody about growing up poor and black in the rural Mississippi. The book was divided into four parts from childhood until her late 20s that described the experiences of Anne Moody in the Civil Rights Movement and her struggles against  racism. Anne Moody was born in the 1940s which was the time after World War IIRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi Essay806 Words   |  4 Pages As if growing up wasnt turbulent enough, Anne Moody grew up during a crucial time in American History. It was during this time that race and civil rights took center stage in her home state of Mississippi. Young women face many physical and emotional changes during their teenage years, regardless of when and where they grew up. However, for Anne Moody, and other young black women, there was the instability in race relations to deal with as well. During her younger childhood years, Anne wasRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi1342 Words   |  6 PagesDeandra Green Professor Joshua Jeffers United States History II 3 November 2015 Coming of Age in Mississippi The book Coming of Age in Mississippi goes into detail about a very prominent time in United States history. The book takes us back to a time where the issue of civil rights began to rise eventually reaching its peak marking this an unforgettable time in history for that generation and for generations to come. During this time the south in general was already a tough place to be in, butRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi and Segregation Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi is an autobiography of the famous Anne Moody. Moody grew up in mist of a Civil Rights Movement as a poor African American woman in rural Mississippi. Her story comprises of her trials and tribulations from life in the South during the rise of the Civil Rights movement. Life during this time embraced segregation, which made life for African Americans rough. As an African American woman growing up during the Civil Rights movement, Moody has a unique story on themes likeRead MoreAnne Moody Coming Of Age In Mississippi1626 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Moody’s autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, depicts the various stages of her life from childhood, to high school, then to college, and ends with her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. In the novel, Anne tells the reader her story through events, conversations, and emotional struggles. The reader can interpret various elements of cultural knowledge that Anne Moody learned from her family and community as a child. Her understanding of the culture and race relations of the timeRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay example639 Words   |  3 Pagesactivist and NAACP member tried to organize a meeting, the Principle Willis, who is an Uncle Tom, tattled on him. Samuel was shot by a mob of white men. The first experience of a civil rights movement was when she was attending Natchez College in Mississippi. The lunch lady served food with maggots in it. The cook, Miss Harris, knew that the food was s poiled but didn’t care. Anne organized a protest and it was successful. This was a hint of what was yet to come from Anne. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BlacksRead MoreAnne Moodys Coming of Age in the Mississippi1268 Words   |  6 Pageswas with her white skinned â€Å"black† relatives. â€Å"If it wasn’t the straight hair and the white skin that made you white, then what was it?†3 The racial hierarchy was not only comprised of blacks and whites, which Essie-Mae Moody discovered at a young age. In between white and black were all shades of people, some almost flaunted their white qualities and lighter skin, and even acted superior to those of darker shades even among relatives. However, Essie didn’t understand why â€Å"†¦ they hated Mama andRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi- Anne Moody797 Words   |  4 Pagesbegins with Anne as a four-year-old child watching her parents work everyday for Mr. Carter, a white plantation owner. She witnessed several black farmers living in rotten, two-room wooden shacks. It was most likely evident to her, even at that early age, that Whites were the affluent, upper-class. She elucidates her recognition of the difference in living conditions in the following statements: It seemed as though we were always moving. Every time it was a house on some white man s place andRead MoreComing of Age in Mississippi vs. The Jungle Paper1039 Words   |  5 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi vs. The Jungle Paper There is an argument that states that Anne Moodys tale in Coming of Age in Mississippi is a more optimistic tale then that of Jurgis Rutkis in The Jungle and vice versa. This is not the case. When you take the time to analyze both story, you come to find that both have the same pessimistic core. The only difference is the character Jurgis was optimist throughout most of the beginning despite his circumstances yet in the end he loses all hope

An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy Free Essays

Greek children enjoyed making balls for pigs’ bladders showing heir creativity side and Roman children liked to play with toy soldiers. They also took part In running and Jumping games and piggybacked flights. Hoops were made out of the iron frames of wheels. We will write a custom essay sample on An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depending on the society in which children live, children’s play would be reflected. In the case of Greek and Roman children, physical activities took place alongside adults. During this period, play was never documented as it was not considered worthy of doing so. By the 18th Century play was valued. Rousseau believed that children should be able to roam freely and explore the outdoors ready to learn and read through play. He believed that children looked at play and work as a whole and that children should play as a right for it showed their potential. In 1998, Scratch and Spoke (2007, pap) describe two approaches to play in the 19th and 20th centuries; classical and modern dynamic. The classical theories were to explain the reason that play existed. The reasons being: – The relaxation theory in which individuals recharge energy that they exhaust in work. Therefore play is relaxation and a source of energy before beginning work again. – The surplus energy theory, in contrast to the relaxation theory, viewed play as a means of eliminating excess energy. Play therefore was regarded as an instinctive behavior with no immediate goal. Herbert Spence’s theory was heavily influenced by the work of Schaller. – Play as pre-exercise. According to this perspective play is an instinctive way of preparing children for adult life. Play experiences are similar to those they will experience as adults, and therefore children are rehearsing adult skills In their play. Gross adopted this view in the late nineteenth century, he believed play was functional and characterized by undefined activity, pleasure and dominated by process rather than reduce. He believed that experimental play developed mental skills and self-control, and Imitative play developed Inter-personal skills. In contrast to the classical theories. The modern perspectives have a different view on the context of play. The theorists 1 OFF that Piglet believed children’s knowledge was increased through engaging with the environment. He studied play primarily from a cognitive viewpoint. From Piglet’s perspective, learning takes place through two processes, these being ‘assimilation’ and ‘accommodation’. Assimilation is when new knowledge is accepted from the oral and accommodation is adapting this new information to make links with previously developed understanding or schemas. Piglet believed that learning is a continuing process of adaptation to the environment. Piglet viewed the child’s development as leading learning, with play having a strong influence on development. Therefore play has an important educational purpose however Piglet paid less attention to the role of language in learning. McLeod (2007) states that Weights believed all children’s learning happened within a social context. He was a social constructivist and in his theory he placed the support of others such as adults which is well known as scaffolding. These adults are as central to developing children’s understanding. Therefore, language makes a critical contribution to the development of the child’s learning. The adult has a distinct role in moving children on from their present, to their potential development. In contrast to Piglet, Weights understood learning to lead development. He believed children create play that has purpose which in turn determines their affective states. Weights stated that the child’s greatest achievements were possible in play because: ‘In play a child behaves ended his average age, above his daily behavior; in play it is as though he were a head taller than himself (Augusto 1978: 102). Essentially then, the child moves forward through play activity. One approach to play in which the setting have shown some links to is Regis Emilie. This approach believes that collaboration and documentation is vital to a child’s development. Regis also sees the environment as the third teacher. The settings behavior policy (2013 p. L) states that We place great emphasis on our values of mutual trust and respect for all and for the community ND environment in which we live’ This can therefore link into the fact of the environment acting as a third teacher as the children are able to use the outdoors area for a number of different occasions such as learning days and playtime’s. The settings play provision supports this evidence as the main form of play which is offered is free play. Free play is when a child is able to choose what activity they would like to do, how they want to do it, when to stop and start something else. Free play does not have any external goals that are set by the adults and there isn’t a curriculum in which to follow. Although practitioners usually provide the space and resources for free play and might be involved, the children take the lean and the adult responds to cues from the children. The setting provide a set period of time when the children are able to access whatever resources they wish, including the outdoors, and they are able to develop their play and learning in this time, in their own way. Developing different hypothesis about life and make their own conclusions. The setting has a number of children that acquire challenging behavior and therefore, supports the theory of Surplus energy. Today it is evident that children have fewer opportunities for outdoor play. The environment for outdoor play is generally understudied and the role of the adult in this is frequently involved. In play children tend to seek out risks, because through these they develop their self-esteem these skills. Adults in the setting are now overly cautious and their fear reduce children’s opportunities to set themselves challenges and take risks. Early Education (2012) states that ‘Children learn and develop well in enabling environments, in which their experiences respond to their individual needs and there is a strong readership between practitioners and parents and careers. ‘ It has become evident that the behavior in the children has seen to be more challenging when the weather is bad and the outdoors area is shut. Perhaps down to the fact that the children are then not able to access all areas of play in which they feel benefits them. The setting should therefore have an undercover area, or an area in which children who feel they need to work off any additional energy that they may have, can do so. This should be accessible for these children in all weather situations. If this is not available for the children to access, then it will slow down part of their development in which play helps to aid. Children are highly motivated to play, although adults’ find defining and understanding children’s play a challenge. All aspects of development and learning are related in play, especially their cognitive development. When children have time to play, their play grows in complexity and becomes more cognitively and socially demanding. Through free play children are able to explore different materials and discover their properties which will help them then to use heir knowledge of materials to imaginative play such as role play. During role play, children are able to express their emotions and reveal their inner feelings which is a key time for the adults to be observing the children and ways in which they handle different situations. It helps to give an insight into each child’s interests. If a child is experiencing any traumatic experiences, play can help that child to deal with these in their own way which is helping them to maintain emotional balance, physical and mental health, and well-being. Free play not only lets a child to explore different activities but it also enables them to develop a sense of who they are, their value of themselves and others. Play also helps a child’s language and social development as they are learning the skills to communicate and share. Play England (2007, p. 6) state that Early pioneers in early childhood studies such as Forbore, Interiors and Steiner, who were influenced by the work of Rousseau, influenced the early year’s curriculum. They all believed that childhood is a distinctly different state from adulthood and that adults therefore should not seek to prepare children for adulthood. This is therefore in contrast with the play as pre-exercise theory. Forbore, Interiors and Steiner all believed children are self-motivating that adults have a tendency to be too dominant and cut across this motivation. Interiors, however, did not believe in play or toys. Children in her kindergartens experienced real household tasks. Forbore believed that children were strong and confident and that through play they saw things through to completion. The setting supports Steiner’s theory as he believed that children need free, creative play to develop their spirit, their bodies and heir minds and in the setting there are many different creative resources available for the children to access such as a craft area, outdoors area and role play. Steiner also believed it was important to provide real life tasks for children which will then give them a sense of belonging and connectedness to the environment and again this is achieved through the outdoor area. The setting offers the opportunity for allows children to cook different recipes based on ingredients found in the outdoors. Steiner also believed that educators needed to provide rhythm and structure in the hillside’s day. The setting has a visual timetable in order for the children to understand the structure of the day ahead. There is also circle time in which the children are able to communicate with both their peers and their adults and can talk about their own individual interests. These are then taken into account for future planned activities. However, if for whatever reason the setting is unable to stick to this plan this can confuse the children’s understanding of the day and put them on edge. It also makes it harder for practitioners to be able to take the time to observe ND document the interests of children and therefore resulting in activity plans that aren’t quite suitable to the needs of the children. In conclusion, I feel that the play provision in the setting could use a lot more structure in the sense of planned activities which are more vital to the children’s development. These activities should be based upon their interests and although it is hard to find the time in the day to document these interests, I believe it should be made a priority as the children will not gain all that they could from their play time. I also believe that the outdoors area deeds more accessible and more appropriate resources to help aid their development; not Just in there cognitive aspects but also their social and language development. How to cite An exploration into play, provision and pedagogy, Papers

No Day But Today free essay sample

How do you measure, measure a year? If one were to reflect on this idea, many different, personal thoughts might come to mind. Mostly though, I think of Scene One, Act Two, of Jonathan Larsons rock opera, Rent. Suddenly, Im back at The Wang Center on June 13, 2006, staring at a simple set of tables, chairs, and a mock fire escape, with a cast of 20 people, singing those words to me. There I am, twelve year old me, tears streaming down my cheeks. I start to realize just how much this one play has impacted my life, teaching me how to live it. From that moment on, I sold my life to Rent. For as long as I can remember, Rent has played a major role in my life; whether it be as a little five year old singing â€Å"Light My Candle† for her family as loud as she can, or using a scene as an example on a power point about AIDS. We will write a custom essay sample on No Day But Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before I even knew what a â€Å"Rent Head† was, I was one. I sang the songs every second, performed the show for friends and family, watched the movie every night until it was committed to memory, saw the show every time it came to town, and even read every book on Rent I could get my hands on. But, my devotion and fanaticism for Rent, could never add up to what it has done for me, teaching me how to embark on my own journey, still to come. On that night, June 13th, 2006, I remember leaving the theatre, still trying to grasp on to everything I had just been taught. These revelations unraveled about in my mind. I left inspired, wiser than before, and even insightful. I don’t remember ever having that feeling. I had adults in my life teaching me something all the time, but in that very moment, I learned things that no one had ever tried to teach me before. In this case, I learned a lifetime of lessons in one night. I had unlocked something in my life that will always guarantee to help me if I just tap into it, if I just remember. And I am the only person who can make these things come to life, if I really strive to. The reoccurring theme of Rent, â€Å"No Day But Today†, speaks volumes on what I discover ed about how to live. To truly live everyday as it were to be your last or find a moment of joy each day and live in it, is something I will cherish forever. We cannot rely on yesterday or tomorrow; all we really have is this moment. I have learned through personal experiences that, inevitably, bad days and hardships do come, but the trick is to let those struggles make you stronger and overcome them. To â€Å"forget regret† will take the weight from your shoulders and erase clutter from your life. And if you give your best in everything you do, no one can ever say you failed. The only person, who can judge what you do and how you do it, is you; but do not be so harsh. Loving others without limits shows the size of your heart, but learning to love yourself shows your self respect. Ultimately, in these ever changing days, treasure your memories, loved ones, and lessons learned; ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s all you need to genuinely know â€Å"what you own†. â€Å"There is no future, there is no past, I live this moment as my last.† Even though I have more to learn on my life journey, the essential, unwritten rules, I learned from Mark, Roger, Mimi, Angel, Collins, Maureen, Joanne, and, Benny. Not only did I learn how to live my life from them, but also how to appreciate life and myself. As I wander down the road of my future, I will take every day I am given and devote everything I have, even though the outcome is obscured by time. It just takes that courage to go into the abyss of the unknown and give your very best and be courageous. And it all starts with a leap of faith†¦so here I am.

Prod Plan Essay Example

Prod Plan Essay The initial design concepts are discussed. The team of designers will focus their attentions this week on the poster and leaflet design. This initial layout is already in place on thefirst draft of the poster, as you can see elsewhere in the presentation booklet, but during this week the main illustration for the production will be finished, and this will then be introduced to a finalised poster and leaflet design. These will be sent out to various advertisers by the end of week two, allowing some leeway if this is not finalised By the end of week two the posters and leaflets will have been finished, and will all be sent out. Some of these will obviously go in the theatre we will be performing in, and the others will go to local shop fronts, libraries, etc. Since we are a horror theatre company, there are specific groups and clubs of fans who take a special interest in the kind of work we are producing. Tickets will go on sale during this week. At the start of the week the designers then meet with the director to establish the set and prop design for the play. The director will lay down his initial ideas, and the team will designate roles to each other, focusing on specific props or background elements depending on individual strengths in those areas of the team. The team will meet again with the director evaluate the initial ideas. These will all then be finalised in the discussion, and submitted to the lighting director so he can go and make his own planning. The team then goes off and starts actually building the set. The entire set and props are to be finished by the end of week 5. Although that seems a rather tight time span constraint, if you look at the play you can see that the set elements are all rather basic and easy to construct. The set is really only in three sparse rooms The main problem is the hat design and man

Managing a design project Essay Example

Managing a design project Essay Example Managing a design project Essay Managing a design project Essay Imagine you are pull offing a design undertaking that will make an interface for car mechanics. The interface would be used by the mechanics to look up assorted holes and parts for any figure of makes or theoretical accounts of cars that may come through their garage. Decide what usability steps would be most motivative when planing this interface and depict the alone challenges you would hold to be after for when planing an interface for an automotive fix store. Use back uping grounds to back up your response. First measure for any design undertaking would be to garner the demands. As developer and undertaking directors would non cognize what the terminal user demands and what their proficient accomplishments are. it would be indispensable to roll up information on what the client needs. I would believe that the interface has to be every bit simple as possible. So that the terminal user would hold no jobs seeking through the interface for different parts and makes of autos. I can conceive of a mechanic merely looking at the screen seeking to calculate out where is he at or what is he looking at. So the rubric of the hunt performed and the consequence should be bold and big fount on top to guarantee they know what the information is. Besides to simplify the job of how to repair a certain job or a portion in an car. the interface can be linked to Auto Repair Reference Centre. The new Auto Repair Reference Center interface provides for an increased sum of content with entree to mend information for more than 37. 000 vehicles. In-depth fix coverage- representing the most comprehensive aggregation of car fix mention information in the market- is provided for each vehicle. In add-on to mend manual information. library frequenters will happen proficient service bulletins. recall information. electrical wiring diagrams. care intervals. specifications and labour times. Advanced do-it-yourselfers can take advantage of the nosologies information aggregation. which provides the ability to trouble-shoot based on symptoms and OBDII codifications hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ebscohost. com. This would extinguish the job of the mechanic non cognizing how to repair a certain job. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ebscohost. com/newsroom/stories/auto-repair-reference-center-unveils-enhanced-interface-and-content Physical. cognitive. perceptual. personality. and cultural differences introduce challenges when planing universally useable merchandises. Choose one country from the list above and depict why it is the biggest challenge to get the better of when making universally useable designs. Support your response. The biggest challenge when making a universally useable merchandise would be the layout and the different formats it would hold the information displayed. As English is written from left to right. there are many linguistic communications th e spell from right to go forth and exceed to bottom like Chinese and Nipponese. So it would make a great trade of trouble for the developers to make interface that would respond otherwise harmonizing to the linguistic communication in usage. Early computing machines were merely useable by experts with strong proficient cognition. Analyze how synergistic systems have changed throughout the old ages to suit mean users and depict two advantages and two disadvantages associated with these alterations. Computers have come a long manner since 80’s and 90’s. They were chiefly used by Government and now every family has one. I remember the first clip I saw a computing machine at my school it was a comodor 64. We would pattern composing basic plans and play the tennis or Ping pong game with two bars traveling across the screen. But since so the interface has changed a batch and so has the gambling experience. Writing letters to household and waiting for answer for hebdomads if non months has changed to a affair of seconds. Internet has made the universe a smaller topographic point for us as we can make anyone immediately no affair what continent they might be on. But on the other manus it has made us vulnerable to a point that our most private conversations or information can be accessed by anyone anyplace. The other disadvantage is that it has made our lives busier. The point I am seeking to do is that before cyberspace and computing machines households had more clip for each other. there was clip for household dinner. household film dark was every dark. Now as the engineering has evolved. our lives have become more complicated and busier.

Chinese Wedding Dresses

Chinese Wedding Dresses At most Chinese weddings, the bride wears a qipao. At many Chinese weddings, the bride wears more than one Chinese wedding dress. Most brides opt for three dresses one red qipao, one white, Western-style wedding gown, and a third ball gown. The bride will begin the wedding banquet with one dress of these dresses. After three courses are served, the bride usually changes into her second Chinese wedding dress. After the sixth course, the bride will change once again into her third Chinese wedding dress. Some brides may opt for a fourth Chinese wedding dress to be worn as when greeting guests as they leave the wedding party. The groom typically wears one or two suits. While some grooms may opt for a traditional Zhongshan suit  or Mao suit, it is more likely to see older guests wearing a Mao suit. Instead, most grooms wear tuxedos or Western-style business suits. In addition to the Chinese wedding dresses worn on the wedding day, the bride and groom may either wear the same dresses for their Chinese wedding photos or wear a completely different set of clothing. Wedding guests usually wear bright colors especially red which symbolizes luck and wealth in Chinese culture. Guests should avoid white, which is reserved for the bride, and black, which is considered a somber color. More About Chinese Weddings How to Plan a Traditional Chinese WeddingAll About Chinese EngagementsWhat to Know About Chinese Wedding GiftsChinese Wedding Rituals

Hate Crime Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hate Crime Analysis - Essay Example Particularly in these cases, the psychological effects are severely visible among the lesbians and gays than they are affected by any other criminal activity (Herek, n.d.). Thus individuals becoming victims in the hands of other individuals and leading to hate crimes can be understood to be a major cause of concern for the society as a whole. Restorative Justice Models: Restorative justice allows a delinquent to realize his wrongdoing and provides him with an opportunity to take measures to refurbish the situation and present himself as a good individual in front of the society. In this case the main aspect of solving the situation is dependent on an apology that the offender requires to ask for from the victim who suffered owing to his actions. There are several models of restorative justice developed with the purpose of addressing the issues relating to victimization of individuals. Of these, victim offender mediation or reconciliation is a model that is used in cases of minor crim inal activities as well as violent measures adopted seriously by individuals. The process would involve solving the issues between the victim and the offender by directly interacting with each other. The primary responsibility in such a situation is that of the offender’s to apologize and heal the pain inflicted on the victim. Other restorative justice models include conferencing models that are similar to the victim offender mediation except that in this case the supporters of the two groups are also involved in the process of healing of pain of the victim. Such supporters include the family members or close friends and they take an active role in the process of mediation. Circle sentencing or... It can here be mentioned that victimization leading to hate crime activities among individuals thereby affecting lives of so many is a matter of serious concern. The different factors that have been observed to be responsible include the differences in the race or religion or sexual orientation. Such factors reflect the negative approach of the society as well that has significant influences over the offender. However, there are restorative models available that might be used effectively to solve the issues between the offender and the victim through mediation processes. Also, different measures have been observed to be available that can aid the measurement of victimization thus helping in the understanding and probable prevention of the hate crime activities. Thus victimization leading to the crime activities can be understood to be a process that can be tried to be prevented if proper measures can be taken on time accompanied by proper understanding.

Apple China Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple China Business - Essay Example This is evident by studies that have been carried out by the department of labor, among other associations such as the Fair Labor Associations. Labor Issues Allegations of sweatshop conditions among Apple Inc.’s contract manufacturers in China have been proved beyond doubt to exist in their business operations, considering its aim of using cheap labor to maximize profitability. Although many companies all over the world seek to access cheap labor to enhance profitability, there are limits to such measures, particularly to international organizations. International companies such as Apple Inc. ought to standardize rewards to labor such that no huge disparities exist from one country to another. According to â€Å"Cheap Robots vs. Cheap Labor† (Para 6), Chinas manufacturing industry workers are paid an average of 1.36 dollars per hour, which almost four percent of what is being paid in the United States. This is a clear indication of huge disparities in the international scene against human rights in labor. Inventec and Foxconn contract manufacturers of Apple Inc., which operate the Chinese factories that manufacture iPod to products, have been evidently found to use cheap labor against human rights provisions. ... Irrespective of limited opportunities of employment and the massively huge population in China, such working conditions as depicted by reports on Apple Inc. sub contractors shows the less concern such organizations have for human rights. However, Apple Inc. launched an audit on the matter after the allegations were bought forward by media houses, labor Associations, and the department of Labor in China. The yearly audits were enhanced to ensure all Apple Inc. manufacturing contractors adhered to workers rights issues, and did away with those were unable to comply with acceptable labor force rights. These strategies undertaken by Apple Inc. went a long way in reversing the impact that human rights violation against the labor force had caused on the Chinese labor market. According to Lamar (Para 9), Foxconn manufacturing factories experienced a series of suicides among their employees, which were reasonably linked to the frustrations and depression in the work environment. Suicide amon g many employees of a single organization precludes serious issues that are dehumanizing such as gross violation of human rights by the employer. Foxconn, as an employer, has received human rights violations allegations that it has propagated against its employees. The company has not only violated human rights of their employees through low pay and long working hours, but also white-collar prison. The working environment at Foxconn is rather described as a white-collar prison, where guards are reported to be beating employees due to theft claims. Indeed, an employee who was mistreated and beaten up after theft claims hade been made was later reported to have committed suicide. More so, four workers at Foxconn

A fixed exchange rate Essay Example for Free

A fixed exchange rate Essay In the light of recent British economic experience, critically assess the view that allowing the pound to float is better for Britain than having a fixed exchange rate. The UK government can choose to fix or float the exchange rate. But what do these terms mean? Which method is better than the other? By defining what fixed and floating exchange rate systems are, and by using the recent experiences of the British economy, it is possible to shed a little light on the issues surrounding the control of exchange rates. A floating exchange rate system is a system of supply and demand for pounds. If, for example, the UK is in deficit due to excess imports from a particular country, then the pound should depreciate against the currency of that country. This happens because UK importers sell extra pounds on the foreign exchange markets in order to buy the other countrys currency to pay for those imports. Now there is an excess supply of pounds which lowers the sterling exchange rate. So, provided that the Marshall-Lerner elasticity conditions are fulfilled, the lower price of exports and the higher price of imports will, over time, improve the UK balance of payments. 1 The system should therefore regulate itself making it sustainable and leaving no pressure on reserves. A fixed exchange rate can take different forms. One is an adjustable peg system where the currency is pegged to another currency, but can be adjusted in small movements if necessary. Another is an independently fixed exchange rate where the UK would not allow any fluctuations. This policy would encourage investment but leave the currency open to speculation. The final form is that of monetary union which leaves exchange rate control in the hands of an independent central bank. The Euro is the most recent example of monetary union, and the debate as to whether Britain should join makes this topic extremely relevant. There are different measures of the exchange rate. Individual exchange rates or nominal exchange rates measure one currency against another, such as the i /$ or the $/i. This measurement is bilateral and does not take into account multilateral trade relationships. A more useful measurement is the effective exchange rate (EER) which takes an average value of a basket of currencies, which weights the relative importance of the currencies involved as trading partners for the UK. A measurement, which gives a stronger representation of UK competitiveness is the real exchange rate (RER or REX). This exchange rate takes into account the price of UK goods relative to the price of foreign goods and then multiplies it by the effective exchange rate. 2 There are a few arguments in favour of a fixed exchange rate. First, there are no significant fluctuations in the exchange rate under a fixed rate system. This adds stability to the economy as it reduces market uncertainty for potential investors. If they know that the value of their assets will not, in the foreseeable future, suddenly fall in value, then investment becomes a safer venture. Patrick Minford argues against this saying that the euro/dollar rate is very volatile and as a result it is even possible that our overall exchange risk would rise. 3 He also argues that a well managed country should not have much of a problem with exchange risk in general4 It is though, a strong point that a fixed exchange rate does increase security for investors. A fixed exchange rate also prevents against speculative currency attacks. They (monetary unions) can act to weaken the speculative instruments available in the capital markets for betting against the currency parities they are defending5 So a fixed currency prevents big money merchants from literally betting against a currency. Also prevented are the occurrence of competitive devaluations where a country deliberately undervalues its currency to boost its economy. An external exchange rate also creates the need for tight discipline within the domestic economy in terms of fiscal and monetary policy. 6 There are also disadvantages in having a fixed exchange rate. If exchange rates are controlled by an independent central bank then domestic control of the exchange rate is relinquished. This prevents the manipulation of the exchange rate during times of particular need, and makes asymmetric shocks harder to deal with. If the UK is in recession and the rest of the Euro zone is not, then its recession may last longer and deepen because interest rates cannot be lowered7 This will result in a fluctuations in unemployment, output and prices that are much greater than if the exchange rate is flexible. This makes the adjustment process long lasting and more painful. One advantage of a floating exchange rate is that it is self-adjusting. If a currency is valued too highly then, exports decrease, imports increase and currency flows out of the country and the rate of exchange falls. If the currency is too low then the reverse happens. So any imbalances are able to automatically correct themselves via the exchange rate. Not being tied in to a fixed exchange mechanism allows for freedom of internal economic policy as we mentioned previously. The opportunity for large scale speculation may be reduced as rates are allowed to move up and down without restriction. This in turn means that a country has less need for reserves. The disadvantages of a floating exchange rate are: an increased uncertainty for traders which may lead to less investment; the threat of price instability through increasing import prices; and, a floating exchange rate may actually encourage speculation through co-ordinated buying and selling of sterling. The recent economic performance of the UK can be used to can evaluate the effect of a fixed or floating exchange rate as both methods have been used. Between 1990-1992, the UK entered into the exchange rate mechanism (ERM) which fixed the sterling against other Euro currencies. Unemployment rates, GDP levels and export volumes can all be used as indicators of the UKs economic performance during this period. Below is a table which shows indices for export volumes, unemployment rates and the average exchange rate against sterling during the period of 1979-2000. Table 1. Export, Unemployment and Exchange Rate Indices 1979-2000 1990=100 Year Exports Unemployment rates Average rates against sterling Source: www. statistics. gov. uk/Statbase National Statistics Website Actual figures: Authors own work Fig. 1 further illustrates these figures. Fig. 1 Fig. 1 shows that between 1979 and 2000, exports rose at a fairly constant rate with a slight halt in 1985. From Table 1, unemployment rates have varied during the same period from a high of 11. 9% in 1984 to 5. 7% in 2000, but have remained in what is a relatively small band compared to the exchange rate. The exchange rate has had the greatest variance, ranging from 127. 8% to 84. 8% of the base year, falling rapidly from 1981 until 1995 with a slight reprieve in 1987. During the ERM years between 1990 and 1993 we can see some definite trends in both unemployment and the exchange rate. Between 1990 and 1993 unemployment rose by 3. 6%. Following the UKs exit from the ERM, unemployment fell again and has continued falling until 2000. The unemployment figures are interesting as they seem to have a cyclical pattern. Did the fixing of the exchange rate increase unemployment or was this the result of the trade cycle? There is evidence that it was not due to the trade cycle. The UKs pattern of unemployment rates which are typically akin to those of the US, differed greatly at this time. Between 1990 and 1993 the increase in UK levels of unemployment is much larger than that of the US. The UK level of unemployment rose 4. 4% between 1990-93 whereas the US level only rose 1. 3%. US levels actually fell between 1992 and 1993 when UK levels rose. 8 It was not a period of cyclical unemployment that caused the unusually large increase in unemployment. One other argument is that the Lawson Boom of the late 1980s, and the inability to sustain such growth, may have in increased unemployment in the early 1990s. The exchange rate as we know remained constant between 1990 and 1992, which can be seen in Fig. 1. What is interesting, is the effect of the UK leaving the ERM on the exchange rate. The 1993 floating exchange rate is 8% lower than the previous year when the rate was fixed and stayed low until 1997 when the New Labour government came to power. This tells us that the natural level of the sterling exchange rate was lower than its fixed rate within the ERM. The level of economic growth (measured by GDP) also deviates from the norm between 1990 and 1993. Growth was slower in this period as can be seen in Fig. 2 below. Fig. 2 It could be argued that this was an after effect of the Lawson Boom of the late 1980s rather than the UKs membership of the ERM. The trend is similar for export levels. If we take a closer look at Fig. 3 below, there is a slowdown in the growth of UK exports during the time that the UK was a member of the ERM. Fig. 3 On exiting the ERM in late 1992 the volume of exports increased at a rate faster than any time previously. It is likely that the increase in exports was caused by the low value of the pound after it was forced out of the ERM. The lower-valued pound makes UK goods relatively cheaper than goods of other countries, and encourages foreign buyers. So, when the pound is fixed at a value above its natural level it can have an adverse effect on the level of exports. Another reason why export volumes may have decreased, could be due to an increase in domestic prices which is a sign of a growing economy. So it could be argued that the whilst the Lawson boom increased the wealth of the economy, at the same time it had a negative effect on the level of UK exports. There is certainly some evidence then that being attached to a fixed currency can have a negative effect on unemployment, export volumes and GDP. This evidence though, is inconclusive as the data from the key period is clouded by another historic economic event, the Lawson Boom. Patrick Minford argues that, fixed exchange rates can work given a number of characteristics within the monetary environment. These characteristics are: symmetric industries, automatic stabilisers, freedom of movement of labour and flexible wages. 9 However, these conditions are not met within the Euro zone. There are advantages in belonging to a fixed exchange rate system but currently the disadvantages leave a serious doubt over whether it is the better option. The sacrifice of monetary and fiscal policy must be compensated for with significant gains in economic security. There are doubts as to whether a fixed exchange rate system is better than a floating system. If a fixed rate system is joined, then it is imperative that it is joined at the right rate or the problems of the ERM will re-surface and Britain may suffer for many years to come. Even if it is joined at the right rate, over a lengthy period of time that correct rate is likely to change. Bibliography 1. Griffiths A Wall S (1997) Applied Economics 7th Edition. Longman, London 2. Curwen P (1997) Understanding the UK Economy. Fourth Edition, Macmillan, London 3. Patrick Minford (2002) Should Britain Join the Euro Institute of Economic Affairs Occasional Paper 126 4. Will Hutton (1997) The State Were In Vintage. 5. National Statistics Website www. statistics. gov. uk/Statbase 6. OECD Economic Outlook Volume 2002/2 No. 72 December 1 Griffiths and Wall p. 625 2 Curwen, Understanding the UK economy p. 599 3 Patrick Minford, Should Britain Join the Euro (Institute of Economic Affairs 2002) p. 25 4 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 31 5 Will Hutton, The State Were In (Vintage 1996) p. 316 6 Griffiths Wall p. 626 7 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 43 8 OECD Economic Outlook Volume 2002/2 No. 72 December, Annex Table 14: Unemployment rates: commonly used definitions 9 Patrick Minford, ibid. p. 43.

Leadership and Management Reflection Essay -- Leadership Model, Person

Introduction In this essay we will be introduced to a leader who holds a high place of authority in the military and gain some personal insight on leadership and management. Then will look at this writer’s own personality traits and what leadership model the personality traits best match. Then look at the tenets of motivation and how this writer’s personality suites these tenets. Also look at the relationship between effective communication and motivation. Then finally we will look at some thoughts of what it takes to be an effective employee, successful manager, and an exemplary citizen. Interview The first part of this week’s assignment was to look was to interview a manager/leader that we admire and seek their insight on management. But before we discuss the interview let me introduce you to who I selected as my interview subject. Chief Master Sergeant Smith is the Chief Enlisted Manager of the 235th Operations Group, 15th Wing, Air Combat Command. The group consists of an HC-130 squadron, an HH-60 squadron, an operations support squadron, and a Guardian Angel squadron (paramedics that parachute into bad places). He is responsible for matters concerning the health, welfare, morale, professional development, utilization and combat readiness of more than 400 military and 50 civilian personnel. Additionally, he advises the commander on operational matters, enlisted issues, unit standards, planning, programming and mission readiness. Chief Master Sergeant Smith entered the Air Force in October 1993. After completing basic military training, he graduated from technical school as a Pararescueman in 1995. His assignments include bases in Japan, Kentucky, New Mexico and Georgia. He has also deployed numerous times in support o... ...cation and motivation. Finally shared some thoughts on what are effective employees, successful managers, and exemplary citizens. Works Cited BusinessDictionary.com (2013) Definition of organizational structure retrieved from http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-structure.html Lazarus, C. (2011) Simple Keys to Effective Communication retrieved from http//www.psychologytoday.com/blog/†¦/simple-keys-effective-communication Learning-Thories.com (2013) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs retrieved from http//www.learning-theories.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html MindTools (2013) McClelland’s Human Motivation Theory retrieved from http//www.mindtools.com-team management Robbins, S., Decenzo, D., & Coulter, M. (2013) Fundamentals of management: Essential concepts and applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis

Chapter 5 Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis exercises Exercise 5–1 Requirement 1 Alpine West should recognize revenue over the ski season on an anticipated usage basis, in this case equally throughout the season. The fact that the $450 price is nonrefundable is not relevant to the revenue recognition decision. Revenue should be recognized as it is earned, in this case as the services are provided during the ski season. Requirement 2 November 6, 2013 Cash450 Unearned revenue450 To record the cash collection December 31, 2013Unearned revenue ($450 x 1/5)90 Revenue90 To recognize revenue earned in December (no revenue earned in November, as season starts on December 1). Requirement 3 $90 is included in revenue in the 2013 income statement. The $360 remaining balance in unearned revenue is included in the current liability section of the 2013 balance sheet. Exercise 5–3 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery %: $234,000 = 65% (gross profit % = 35%) $360,000 2014 cost recovery %: $245,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $350,000 2013 gross profit:Cash collection from 2013 sales of $150,000 x 35%=$52,500 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales of $100,000 x 35%=$ 35,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales of $120,000 x 30%= 36,000 Total 2014 gross profit $71,000 Requirement 2 2013 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500) Balance in deferred gross profit account$73,500 2014 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$ 126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500)Gross profit recognized in 2014(35,000) 2014 initial gross profit ($350,000 – 245,000)105,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2014 (36,000) Balance in deferred gross profit account$107,500 Exercise 5–4 2013 Installment receivables360,000 Inventory234,000 Deferred gross profit126,000 To record installment sales 2013 Cash150,0 00 Installment receivables150,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2013 Deferred gross profit52,500 Realized gross profit52,500 To recognize gross profit from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables350,000Inventory245,000 Deferred gross profit105,000 To record installment sales 2014 Cash220,000 Installment receivables220,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2014 Deferred gross profit71,000 Realized gross profit71,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Exercise 5–5 Requirement 1 YearIncome recognized 2013$180,000 ($300,000 – 120,000) 2014- 0 – 2015- 0 – 2016 – 0 – Total$180,000 Requirement 2 Cost recovery %: $120,000 ————- = 40% (gross profit % = 60%) $300,000 | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery(40%) |Gross Profit(60%) | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 30,000 |$ 45,000 | |2014 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2015 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Requirement 3 | | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 75,000 | – 0 – | |2014 | 75,000 | 45,000 $ 30,000 | |2015 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Exercise 5–11 Requirement 1 20132014 Contract price$2,000,000$2,000,000 Actual costs to date 300,0001,875,000 Estimated costs to complete 1,200,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 1,500,0001,875,000 Gross profit (estimated in 2013)$ 500,000$ 125,000 Gross profit recognition: 2013: $ 300,000 = 20% x $500,000 = $100,000 $1,500,000 2014:$125,000 – 100,000 = $25,000 Requirement 2 2013$ – 0 – 2014$125,000 Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | |Current assets: | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | |Costs and profit ($400,000*) in excess | | | | |of billings ($380,000) | |20,000 | | | | | | | * Costs ($300,000) + profit ($100,000) Exercise 5–11 (concluded) Requirement 4 | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | | |Current assets: | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | | | | | | |Current liabilities: | | | | |Billings ($380,000) in excess of costs ($300,000) | |$ 80,000 | | | | | | | problems Problem 5–2 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery % : $180,000 = 60% (gross profit % = 40%) $300,000 2014 cost recovery %: $280,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $400,000 2013 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $120,000 x 40%= $48,000 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $100,000 x 40%= $ 40,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales = $150,000 x 30%= 45,000 Total 2014 gross profit $85,000 Requirement 2 013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash colle ctions from installment sales Deferred gross profit48,000 Realized gross profit48,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–2 (continued) 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit85,000 Realized gross profit85,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Requirement 3 | | | | |Date |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | | | | | | |2013 | | | | |2013 sales |$120,000 |$120,000 |- 0 – | | | | | | |2014 | | | |2013 sales | $100,000 | $ 60,000 |$40,000 | |2014 sales | 150,000 | 150,000 | – 0 – | | 2014 totals |$250,000 |$210,000 |$40,000 | | | | | | Problem 5–2 (concluded) 2013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collection from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000To record cash collection from installment sales Deferred gross profit40,000 Realized gross profit40,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–5 Requirement 1 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 2,000,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 2,000,000$ 1,800,000 Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,000,000 = 75. 0% x $2,000,000 = $1,500,000 – 600,000 = $900,000 $8,000,000 015:$1,800,000 – 1,500,000 = $300,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 2 | | | | | | |2013 |2014 |2015 | | | | | | |Construction in progress |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | | Various accounts 2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |To record construction costs | | | | | | | | | |Accounts receivable |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | | Billings on construction contract |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | |To record progress billings | | | | | | | | | |Cash |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | | Accounts receivable |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | |To record cash collections | | | | | | | | | |Construction in progress | 600,000 | 900,000 | 300,000 | |(gross profit) | | | | |Cost of construction |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |(cost incurred) | | | | | Revenue from long-term contracts (1) |3,000,000 |4,500,000 |2,500,000 | |To record gross profit | | | | | | | | | (1) Revenue recognized: 2013: 30% x $10,000,000 =$3,000,000 2014: 75% x $10,000,000 =$7,500,000 Less: Revenue recognized in 2013(3,000,000) Revenue recognized in 2014$4,500,000 2015: 100% x $10,000,000 =$10,000,000 Less: Re venue recognized in 2013 & 2014 (7,500,000) Revenue recognized in 2015$2,500,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | |2013 | |2014 | | | | | | | |Current assets: | | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 200,000 | |$600,000 | |Construction in progress |$3,000,000 | |$7,500,000 | | | Less: Billings |(2,000,000) | |(6,000,000) | | |Costs and profit in excess | | | | | |of billings | |1,000,000 | |1,500,000 | Requirement 4 01320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,000 9,400,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 9,300,000 9,400,000 Estimated gross profit (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 700,000$ 600,000 Problem 5–5 (concluded) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,0 00,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,200,000 = 66. 6667% x $700,000 = $466,667 – 600,000 = $(133,333) $9,300,000 015:$600,000 – 466,667 = $133,333 Requirement 5 201320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,900,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,00010,100,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,00010,300,00010,100,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ (300,000)$ (100,000) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $(300,000) – 600,000 = $(900,000) 2015: $(100,000) – (300,000) = $200,000

BIG Unsolved Mystery

He swiftly nodded his head as he began to sis his nearly 67 frame off the chair and started towards the bar. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene) Tonight is the Vibe Magazine party also hosted by Quest Records and Tannery gin for the celebration of Friday nights 1 lath annual Soul Train Music Awards. The star studded party consists of celebrities such as Dad Brat, Heavy D, Busts Rhymes, Biggie Smalls of course, and others. We decided we want to have a good time and forget about the east coast west coast drama.I was up for it and excited because I always liked to dance, ever since I got my start as a back up dancer In USIA videos, that's why when I'm In the club I can't stop to party. (concentrically. Com) At a glance I see Eugene walking towards me, looking polished dressed in black crisp slacks with a white button up shirt and black dress shoes, with a couple of bottles in his hand and the waiter staff in tow. The waiter looked of Mexican descent as he looked at me and rested the bottles dow n on the table. He began to ask if we needed anything else but I cut him off by shaking my head and he immediately walked away. Notorious) â€Å"Man Puff you really crazy son! You ternary have me out of it tonight! Biggie yelled to me across the table as the bottles began to flow in. (Notorious) The â€Å"Puff' he is referring to is l, also known as Sean â€Å"Puffy' Combs, best friend of Biggie as well as head of his label, Bad Boy Entertainment. Although It may look like It, everything wasn't lavish from the start we worked hard for this. I was born in Harlem, New York November 4, 1969. My mother raised me as my father was murdered In 1974. I attended Harvard university majoring in business administration.I ran an airport shuttle service and produced weekly dance parties while in school. (phonographic) After doing back up dance I Egan to intern at Uptown Records with the recommendation from Heavy D, and gradually became a talent director rising to the level of vice president su ccessful in producing several key artists for Uptown but left in the early sass's. In 1993 1 decided to start my own production company, Bad Boy Entertainment, where I worked with many artists in the industry among big names and unknown names. The Notorious B. I. G was my greatest success in the business.From the start I knew Bad Boy was going to be a great success and it was. Within the first four years of starting It up, the sales ranged from $100 million to $200 million. Answers. Com) â€Å"Well we out here might as well celebrate! † I yelled back as I glanced at my wrist rocking my gold, diamond encrusted Role I had on that night thinking back to all the everyone surrounding me. Looking around the museum from our table on the dance floor, the place looked like a zoo as if a flock of people Just ran in and started to party as it filled up rather quickly.The star-studded event brought many well-known people from the industry along with women known as â€Å"groupies† trying to have a good time. Men were dressed accordingly to the event, some trying to play it down in just slacks and a button down top while others went all out dressed in designer suits. Some came Just to state a fashion statement as others Just came to have a good time. Now the women in attendance at the party were looking gorgeous and also stunning. It was a bit of a surprise to have Biggie and I with the crew out here due to the east coast and west coast drama going on. Sesquicentennials. Com) It's mainly begun from a misunderstanding between Biggie Outpace, as well as with myself and Sage Knight. Outpace, also a famous recording artist, was on his way to meet up with Biggie nee night at a studio located in New York City but was attacked and shot several times in the lobby upon meeting up with him. Outpace thought the worst and concluded on nothing other than blaming Biggie for â€Å"setting him up† and decided to let his thoughts be expressed through his music and alleg edly claiming to have sexual relations with his wife. (billboard. Mom) This occurred about two years before Tuba's murder in Lass Vegas. It's a little bit of a blur of why Sage Knight started drama but his nephew, cousin or friend was shot in Atlanta, Georgia and he blamed e for the situation which really started the west coast and east coast drama. Accepting an award at The Source Awards, which Bad Boy was also in attendance, Sage insulted me in his speech saying: â€Å"Any artist out there want to be a artist and want stay a star, wont have to worry about the Executive Producer trying to be all in the videos all on the record, dancing, come to Death Row. (Biggie & Outpace) These two incidents brought many rivalries and brought upon the two biggest tragic nights in Hip Hop history. The party began to get overcrowded as it was still bumping; the fire marshals were soon being called. Everyone's sweaty bodies dancing with the museum full of smoke, by around 12:35 the fire marshals ca me and shut the party down. The crowd began to pour out of the party as cars were being brought through the garage. We made our way out to the garage not too long after to wait for our drivers to bring our vans to us.I entered the car in the front with Eugene as Biggie, Ill' Cease from Junior Mafia, and Baggie's bodyguard Damn entered the GEM suburban behind. In Biggies suburban Ill' Cease let down the window and stuck his head out as the women walking down Wilshire Boulevard half naked in skimpy dresses and high heels. As we approached the intersection of Wilshire and Fairfax the light began to change as my car made the left turn, the light stopped Biggies. I began to hear gunshots and with human reaction everyone in my car ducked down quickly.Then someone screams, â€Å"They shot at Biggies car! † Immediately I Jumped out of the vehicle and ran to Biggies car to see that the shooter shot at the passenger door where he was seated. (Youth: Diodes first interview after Baggie' s Death) It all happened so fast no one had a chance to do anything or get a real good look at whom the shooter was and only that it was a black impala. I noticed about 6 gun shots were pierced through the other in the drivers seat. All four car doors were open as everyone scattered to see the condition Biggie was in.His breathing was faint as he was slouched over, but I still tried to get something out of him as we rushed to the closest hospital, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, which was about a five-minute drive. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene) The Notorious B. I. G, former stage name Biggie Smalls, full name Christopher Wallace grew up in Brooklyn Bedford Stuyvesant neighborhood and was born on May 21, 1972. At a young age Biggie showed he was interested in music by reforming with local groups like the Old Gold Brothers and the Techniques.Biggie was a good student but was influenced by the streets and decided to drop out of high school at the age of 17. He became attracted to the money and flashy lifestyle of the local drug dealers and decided to sell crack for a living. His first time ending up in jail was during a trip to North Carolina, where he spent nine months in Jail then made a couple of demo records on his friend's four-track. Mister Ace, a DC working with Big Daddy Kane got a hold of the mixture and gave it to The Source magazine which got Biggie featured on their popular feature, unsigned artists.With his feature in The Source I became aware of him and his talent and decided to sign him immediately. Biggie Just had a daughter so he became skeptical about stopping his hustle with drugs, as he wasn't making money any other way. When I found out he was still selling drugs I gave him an ultimatum, he either chooses to keep selling them or he puts one hundred percent into his music and trust that the money will come with hard work, luckily he was smart and chose the music. Not too long after Uptown Records dropped me, which made me think and come to the sta rt of Bad Boy, with Biggie right behind as well as artist Craig Mack.Biggie Smalls decided to change his stage name to the Notorious B. I. G. Right before recording a remix in 1993 of Mary J. Bilge's single â€Å"Real Love†. On the sound track to the film, Who's The Man? , Biggie did his first solo record â€Å"Party and Bullwhip† after doing several guest appearances. After getting his name out Biggie released his debut album, Ready to Die, in September 1994. The top singles on the album â€Å"Juicy' went gold as the next single â€Å"Big Poppa†, achieved platinum sales and got top ten on the pop and R&B charts. (Billboard. Mom) In the midst of all of these accomplishments, Biggie found love in label mate Faith Evans at a photo shoot and within two weeks they got married in Rockland County, NY. Although he was â€Å"happily married† Biggie wasn't ready for marriage as he had affairs with other woman and one a little more public with rapper Ill' Kim. Wit h the drama between Outpace and Biggie, rumors began to spread that Outpace may be the father of their unborn child although Faith denies any relations with him. Due to all he infidelities Faith and Biggie decided to separate in 1996 and remain friends. People Magazine) After getting married Biggie helped the careers of Junior M. A. F. I. A , with childhood friends and ended in 1995 as the biggest solo male act on both the pop and R&B charts as well as the top selling rap artist. Also he's gotten in trouble with the law, him and his entourage was accused by a concert promoter of assaulting him after fees weren't paid for a concert cancellation. Then at a later time Biggie attacked two people harassing him for an autograph with a baseball bat and pled lilts.During the recordings of his second album in 1996 he became injured during rushed to the hospital we ran red light after red light going 80 miles trying to save him. As I was continuing to try and talk to him I wasn't getting any feedback and began to panic. We approached the hospital in a hurry. Jumping out of the suburban we rushed to get him out as the emergency doors to the hospital busted open with two men carrying the stretcher. It took about 6 or 7 people to lift Biggie out of the car; we looked and noticed that although several bullets hit him he wasn't bleeding.The actors immediately rushed him into surgery to try and remove the bullets. The waiting room was filled with complete silence and tension as we waited for the results. The white walls of the waiting room seemed as if they were caving in when the doctor walked out and announced they tried their best to save him at 1 Sam. With the unbelievable news everyone in the room looked as if they saw a ghost as they realized someone would have to tell Biggies mother that he passed. The small cellophane was being passed around the room, as we all couldn't bear to call Ms. Wallace with this horrifying news.D-Rock found it in him to call Ms. Wallace with the news. As he got on the phone tears began to from his eyes having her wonder why he would be on the phone crying to her. He began to tell her the news that Biggie passed and she immediately dropped the phone hysterically crying. (Youth: Famous Crime Scene: Biggie Smalls) Three weeks after Biggies murder the scheduled release of his second album, titled Life After Death, went number one on the charts and sold nearly 700,000 copies within the first week of release. He was the first artist to gain two posthumous number one hits.

Arab Israeli Conflict essays

Arab Israeli Conflict essays Fighting intensifies during the last few days of British rule. The tel aviv-jerusalem road was repeatedly being tried to be cut off by the Arabian forces to prevent Jews of Jerusalem getting to the coast. 14th may 1948 Ben Gurion announced Israelis existence and the neighbouring Arab governments responded with war. 30000 Arab soldiers then invaded Palestine and although they outnumbered the Jews, lack of organisation between the Arabs and distrust with the leaders caused them to fail. King Abdullah of Jordan had overall control. He wanted to control Jerusalem and the west bank. His forces fought for the areas but lost as the Israelis resisted fiercely with the support of the US and soviet On 11th June, UN arranged a month long truce. 7 July truce ended. On the 17th of July, another truce was announced, but this truce ended when Israeli troops attacked Egyptian Forces. Israel took the coastal strip between tel aviv and Gaza and drove Arab forces out of northern Palestine. By early 1949, Israel controlled all of Palestine, except for the Gaza strip and the west bank Arab armies were forced to admit defeat. On the 24th of February 1949, an armistice agreement was signed between Israel and Egypt. - A Jewish state was established within a territory controlled by Jewish - Large numbers of Jewish migrants moved to the new state. - Only the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and the West Bank remained outside - The majority of Arab Palestinians fled Israel and became refugees. Only a minority remained under Jewish control. - Governments of Arab states were humiliated by the defeat. Arab leaders were discredited and lost power as a result. - Government of Syria was overthrown in 1949 - King Abdullah of Jordan was assassinated in 1951 - King Farouk of Egypt, lost power in 1952 - Israel Occupied most the land granted to the Arabs in 1948 - 280,000 Palestinians moved to the eastern section of Pales...

The Connotations of 30 Synonyms for Cheat and Fool

The Connotations of 30 Synonyms for Cheat and Fool The Connotations of 30 Synonyms for Cheat and Fool The Connotations of 30 Synonyms for Cheat and Fool By Mark Nichol Numerous terms, many of them derived from colorful underworld slang, exist to refer to the action of cheating or fooling someone. This post describes the connotation inherent in some of these words and phrases. 1–2. The implication of the nonsense words bamboozle and hornswoggle is that the perpetrator sets out to confuse the mark, or victim. 3. Beguile suggests that the mark is lulled into a false sense of security. 4. Bluff implies that the perpetrator is boasting or making false claims, as someone would to gain an advantage in a card game. 5. Buffalo alludes to the stolid strength of an animal, appropriate to refer to the perpetrator’s efforts to overcome the mark’s caution or reluctance by sheer determination. 6–7. Bleed suggests slowly draining the mark of his or her wealth; squeeze has the same implication. 8. Burn implies that the mark has been damaged by the perpetrator, as if exposed to flame. 9. Chisel suggests that the perpetrator is whittling away at the mark’s defenses to achieve the desired outcome. 10. Con, a truncation of confidence, alludes to the perpetrator’s efforts to gain the mark’s trust so that the person is vulnerable to the persuasion necessary to cheat him or her. 11. Cozen suggests coaxing or trickery. 12. Euchre refers to the act of preventing someone from winning in the game of that name and, by extension, means â€Å"cheat† or, because the game rounds are called tricks, â€Å"trick.† 13–14. Fleece and skin allude to the idea of being deprived of one’s protection. 15. The origins of gaff are obscure, but the word was once slang for a music hall or theater, so the implication may allude to the deceitful promise of an entertainment that was falsely advertised as being worth the admission price. 16–17. Game- and gammon, perhaps derived in Middle English from game- connote both the playful and strategic aspects of cheating, as if the perpetrator is not only toying with the mark but has also carefully planned the ruse. 18. Gyp derives from the widespread association of the nomadic Romani people, long called gypsies (from the mistaken belief that they originated in Egypt, though the ethnic origins of the Romani are in India), with deceitfulness and thievery. (The terms are now widely considered offensive.) 19. Hoodwink originally meant â€Å"blindfold,† so the connotation is of the perpetrator blinding the mark about the truth. 20. Hoax implies an elaborate scheme to persuade the mark that something false is true. 21. Hustle conjures an image of someone being pushed and prodded along toward an outcome advantageous to the perpetrator and detrimental to the mark. 22. Juggle suggests manipulating the mark by constantly keeping him or her off balance as if the mark were being thrown about without a chance to ground himself or herself. 23. Mulct originally meant â€Å"fine,† but its meaning was extended to â€Å"defraud.† 24. Shortchange refers to the literal act of giving someone less money than he or she is owed. 25. Snooker may come from the name of the variation of the game of pool, perhaps from the notion that the mark is tricked into betting that he or she can defeat the perpetrator. 26. Snow compares the perpetrator’s effort to the blinding quality of a snowstorm, preventing the mark from seeing the trick. 27–28. Stick and sting, like burn, allude to the pain that the deception causes the mark. 29. â€Å"String along† implies that the mark is being led to perform an action that will be to his or her detriment. The perpetrator figurative pulls the mark along, but not so heavy-handedly that the mark is dragged; the suggestion is that the leading occurs subtly, little by little, encouraging the mark to do what the perpetrator wants of his or her own volition, with a minimum of provocation. 30. Swindle, which comes from a German word meaning â€Å"dizzy,† connotes disorientation of the mark. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Bail Out vs. Bale Out

Understanding business environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Understanding business environments - Essay Example These elements include; competitors, customers, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, the general public, the economy, distributors, regulations, social and cultural factors, government activities and demographics (Lucas 2011, p.24). The internal business environment consists of the factors that are present within the business and affect the operations of the business. The elements of the internal business environment are; management, employees, production capacity of the business, the business policies, structural organization of the business, objectives of the business, the composition of its board of directors and features of the human resource department. Although the elements of the internal business environment affect how the business runs, they are not fully included as elements of the environment. P4 An economic system refers to the organization of the economy is. In a nation’s point of view, an economic system can be defined as the limited supply of elements of production such as; land, labor, capital and natural resources influence or affect the production of goods and services in the country. Because of the scarcity of these factors of production the government of that country has to make the decision of how it will allocate these resources to competing claims. To make this decision, the government would need to evaluate the opportunity cost of production of different products. After comparing the opportunity costs of producing that product, the government then makes the decision to allocate resources for production. In a command economic system the allocation and distribution of resources to certain sectors of the economy is controlled by central organizing body, usually it is the government. The government in this economic system also controls the distribution of the produced goods and services. In this economic system, the government main agenda is to try to reduce or eliminate the pursuit of profits by the producers, and ensure that basic goods and services are produced on the basis of the consumer’s needs and wants. The resources here would be allocated efficiently on the basis of social goals. This means that they

Business Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Report - Research Paper Example Harvey Norman barely survived with impending lawsuits and losses experienced from giving out very high discounts to attract customers. The Reject Shop on the other hand posted a good increase in profits and sales in that year. The company opened 18 new stores in that year and was able to repay much of its debts (Roth, 2013). The Reject Shop can sustain a downturn in the economy because its average unit price is A$9.00 (in 2011). As of today, the unit price is A$10.04. Even if the domestic market failed, The Reject Shop would probably survive (Greenblat, 2011). In an attempt to avoid losses and survive in the industry, the Harvey Norman Holdings Limited misled their customers by false advertisements. The federal court hit the company with a $1.25 million fine. The judge ruled in favor of the Australian Competition and Consumer commission saying that the company deliberately and blatantly disregarded the truth while conducting a calculated and misleading campaign (Appliance Retailer, 2012, p.4). The Reject Shop has not been involved in such bad publicity. When the industry domestic market was low in 2012, The Reject Shop suffered some loss like all the other retail companies but did not do illegal stuff to make more money. Metrics is the first thing looked at with any investment. The Reject Shop has a return on equity of more than 40 per cent for every year in its corporate life (Greenblat, 2011). Its debt is little or none existent and it is maintaining its return on equity despite its equity growing. This means that The Reject Shop is a good investment. The return on equity combined with little or no debt signals that the company has a strong competitive advantage. Moreover, a poll showed that 90 per cent of consumers knew about The Reject Shop. This means that the market’s place strong position and the brand awareness support the return in equity. In the recent years, its equity has risen threefold while its profits have

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example Discussions about external variables pointed to Wyld’s (2010) assertions that these are the general economic climate, technology, government and competition as factors affecting customers’ decision at the various stages. Scheiltz (2010) suggested other external factors such as the cultural, group and social values that sway the decision process of consumers. Decision process is defined as identification of needs, collecting of information, evaluation of alternatives, then finally going into a purchasing decision. (Chapter 6 Class Notes, n.d.) I. How do marketers persuade consumers using external variables? a. Economy The economy is the first factor considered as an external variable affecting consumers. The recent economic crisis is an external variable that affected consumers’ behavior in many states of US and in Europe, and many others. On the other hand, economy has been favorable to the emerging countries in Asia. The shrinking economy encourages shifts in bu yer demographics and the way products are used such that consumers may alter their purchasing decisions, how they perceive value and where they purchase the product. Market report of Bharatbook.com (2010) said that in Netherlands, consumers’ decisions are today influenced by the price sensitivity, value consciousness and attitudes towards private labels as about three quarters of its consumers suffered the recession in 2009. In the said market report, Dutch consumers reconsider their spending including decisions on where and when to shop; and that changes shown is that now, Dutch consumers are buying labeled products because they think they save more money in the long run. This is also true in the car landscape wherein the economic crisis has changed car-buying process of consumers. To help dealers determine changes of consumer buying process, Dealer Communications reported on a conducted a research to know the present motivations of car buyers; to know if there are opportuni ties still open for car dealers and manufacturers, and if so, how will they adjust. In issues how the products are challenged showed the way Apple has transformed how music is bought and played thru the introduction of iPod. (Wyld, 2010) Marketers also use the power of globalization to reach more and more country markets. Recent developments of off-shore business, in particular, the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia and China have encouraged multi-national companies to spread their business in these countries. Because of the improved purchasing power of consumers in these emerging countries, marketers find globalization as a driver of change in industries as motor vehicles, cell phones and credit cards (Wyld, 2010). b. Technology. One of the driving forces that encourage consumers’ buying decisions is the use of technology. It is observed that there is a growing acceptance of internet shopping, SNS websites and the constant growing series of internet appl ications. It is now easy for the company to sell products to customers using online technology, to work with suppliers and supply chain. However, because becoming an on-line seller is an easy process in the internet, this variable increases rivalry and competition among seller. An example of a successful on-line ordering system is being done by Wal-Mart stores that make shopping easy for busy people (Wal-Mart, n.d.) c. Competition An attractive market encourages competition to enter the industry. Most

Political Rhetoric Within The Current Times Politics Essay

Political Rhetoric Within The Current Times Politics Essay Aristotle described three major rhetorical means of persuasion; ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos uses trust to persuade the audience. A politician uses his or her respective reputation and what is perceived and said about them; however there is a close connection between reputation and reality. Credibility depends both on expertise and how this is portrayed. In order to persuade the audience, you must first believe in yourself. Pathos does not directly involve the argument itself; instead pathos relies on the emotions of the audience. An efficient way to move the audience is to appeal to their values. Logos is Greek for logic and is used to persuade the audience by demonstrating the truth and is based on scientific facts. Logos is also used to appeal to the intellect of the audience, and is considered an argument of logic. PRESENT-DAY POLITICAL RHETORIC 4 The use of rhetoric is very apparent in political speeches and the outcome is measured by a vote placed by each member of the audience. Aristotelian rhetoric assumes that you believe the politician, and disbelieve all other politicians that have different views. The persuasiveness or manipulation of a speech not only depends on the nature of the speech, but also on the believability of its origin and beliefs shared by the speaker and the audience. The audience is attracted to the integrity, passion and reasoning of the speaker. The speaker must find the proper balance of the aforementioned qualities in the debate in order to be effective. In the end the audience is persuaded because they sense that the speaker is an expert on the topic based on his or her substantial confidence and the amount of emotion involved. Rhetoric used in the past The foundation of the modern approach to society, including the entirety of the modern political system, is fallout from the medieval rediscovery of Aristotles work; during the Crusades, Europeans re-discovered Latin translations of Aristotle in various libraries throughout the Islamic world. When rhetoric is applied to political speech, therefore, it may be concluded that the politician is attempting to sway the publics opinion in a manner that is unjust and false. Today political parties in the United States play an integral role in political elections, local, state and national. Parties have become a vehicle for exerting the ideas and agenda of large and collective groups of citizens. However, political parties in colonial American and the early Republic were viewed negatively, by both early politicians and philosophers. Even the founding fathers had issues with political parties. Parties were thought to divide Americans. Also, thinkers of the time thought that forming parties would result in spawning a winning side and a losing side in elections, which would further split Americans. People in society today are greatly influenced by what they read. The articles in the newspapers skew peoples beliefs of political affairs and current events in the same way that biased articles in popular magazines seem to shape the way the general public views different types of cultural aspects. Keeping this in mind, it is especially important to note that during the 1800s, the people lacked other forms of media and communication that people in modern times are influenced by. Instead, they relied heavily on literature to entertain themselves, most of which shaped the way they viewed culture, politics, and life itself. Consider how politicians use rhetoric to promote their policies. We focus on a particular type of rhetorical appeal-those based on emotionally charged predictions about policy consequences. For politicians, we emphasize maximizing and strategic behavior, reflecting their full-time employment in politics and large personal stakes in political outcomes. Political leaders want to win policy debates and they employ rhetoric in an effort to move public opinion to their respective sides. The very reason for public political debate between parties is to sway those preferences in one or the other direction. Politicians often try to shape citizens beliefs about current conditions and the likelihood that particular outcomes will occur if a policy is or is not put into law (e.g., Jerit, 2009; Lupia Menning, 2009). Politicians can attempt to form and change such beliefs, fundamentally, because of the role of uncertainty in policy decisions. There is always considerable and sometimes enormous uncertainty about the impact of proposed policies (see, e.g., Riker, 1996).1 Not even experts really know the consequences of a policy in advance. We agree that value-based arguments are an important part of politicians rhetoric. If politics were solely about values, each side would assert its values early, and citizens would line up on one side or the other. Politicians say many things during the course of a policy debate, and so the first task is to identify the forms that political rhetoric and argument can take. From the perspective of politicians seeking to persuade citizens, the three potentially most valuable forms are assertions of core party values and principles, predictions of future states,3 and factual descriptions of current circumstances. All three forms of political rhetoric are motivated by party leaders desires to sway opinion in the preferred direction, although each form has its own purpose. If parties can shape beliefs, and thus preferences, by taking advantage of uncertainty and strategically using rhetoric, then winning elections and winning policy debates through rhetorical persuasion are both possible, if not mutually reinforcing. Political rhetoric will not evolve in precisely the same way across different policy debates. We have offered several propositions about how politicians should behave when they believe they can shape citizens beliefs. They also show that neither politicians nor the media seem to provide citizens with reliable, readily identified cues to help distinguish those that are worth taking seriously from those that are just hot air. Under such circumstances, what can we reasonably expect from citizens who are asked to render political judgments? Speculations on Citizens Responses to Political Rhetoric To address citizens responses to predictive rhetoric, we first comment on two important perspectives in political psychology that appear to suggest grounds for expecting quite competent performance. test is crucial to understanding the uses of predictive rhetoric and its consequences for citizen competence. Unfortunately, we are about to navigate largely uncharted waters. 11 Citizens Assessments of Asserted Links in Predictive Arguments Assuming that citizens care about the outcome, they will consciously or unconsciously consider the claimed link between the focal policy and that outcome. Does an important causal linkage exist? To avoid effort, and lacking expertise in the policy area, citizens will limit their answers to a simple categorical question: Is there a genuine, significant link of the sort claimed, or is the claimed link minimal or nonexistent? Unlike experts, ordinary people generally will not bother with refined distinctions, for example, attempting to distinguish between a very important and a somewhat important link. To avoid being manipulated, unaligned citizens will not take politicians at their word, but rather will try to assess the validity of an alleged link independently. In searching for independent corroboration, they will employ simple heuristics, including the following three in particular. We concluded that rhetorical predictions about the consequences of policies create obstacles for citizens who seek to make reasonable decisions. Conclusion In this very exploratory chapter, we have considered the political logic of policy rhetoric; the prominence of appeals that rely on extreme and mostly negative predictions and seek to elicit an emotional response; the processes that citizens use in determining their response; and the consequences of those processes for the competence of individual and collective decisions about policy. To put our findings simply, the information environment in which citizens make decisions about policies presents a constant stream of dramatic, emotionally salient predictive claims, covering a wide range of outcomes, and presented largely without supporting evidence or other diagnostic information. The highly partisan cope with this constant stream by adopting the party line. The unaligned have no such luxury, and thus must try to make sense of the political rhetoric. Sometimes the dire predictions elicit some form of corroborating information-a pertinent schema, an example from daily life, or the like-in the minds of these citizens, thus ringing a bell with them. There is little reason to suppose that the predictive appeals that ring a bell in this way correspond at all closely to the considerations that would prove decisive in an environment that encouraged deliberate judgment on the basis of realistic claims and the best available diagnostic information. But, then, there is no reason to believe that taking party cues does, either.

Constitutionality of Vouchers and School Choice :: Persuasive Argumentative Essay Examples

Constitutionality of School Vouchers Church and state absolutists believe that vouchers will violate the First Amendment of the Constitution. They argue that voucher systems give parents an incentive to send their kids to parochial school and thus represent an unconstitutional endorsement of religious education. As mentioned in the case study, the U.S. Supreme Court will address the Cleveland Scholarship Program's constitutionality. Many are anticipating what precedent will be set in this ruling because it inherently deals with defining the boundaries between church and state. Can taxpayer funds be allocated by the government to send children to a religiously-affiliated school? Consider the case of the Cleveland Scholarship Program. This program gives parents $2250 per year. Meanwhile, the cost of tuition at a religiously-affiliated private school is, on average, about $1200. The cost of tuition at a non-religious private school is, on average, about $5000. This price breakdown shows the implicit incentive in the Cleveland program--parents who cannot afford to pay more money out of their pocket will enroll their children in religiously-affiliated private schools. The founders of Cleveland's program argue that city parents are in no way encouraged to send their kids to religious schools. Parents can choose public magnet or charter schools, which are free and get far more funding per student than voucher schools. The importance of the Supreme Court decision that will be made should not be underestimated. "This is probably the most important church-state case in the last half-century," said Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State. "It will be a historic showdown over

Alternative Method of Learning English

English oral was a difficult subject in secondary school. I felt nervous and embarrassed when I was speaking in English. I found no method to tackle the fear. In secondary 6, I joined an activity named â€Å"Interviewing Tourists†. We interviewed tourists asking where they were come from, what they felt about Hong Kong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The difference of speaking English in school and outside is that outdoor speaking provides more opportunities to talk. In school, we only had chance to speak in lessons.But most of the time the teacher was speaking. At the activity, we were forced to speak because foreigners may only understand English. Most of the time we felt more comfort when are talking to the local. Actually, we do not realize the common mistakes we made, like Chinglish. However, it is better to learn English from foreigners. They talked in the most natural, fluent way. That is why schools invite foreign teachers to teach speaking English. Teachers taught us the skills to deal with exams.But what we were talking to the tourists were something we seldom discussed such as cuisine and cultural. These were funny and I forgot what nervous is thought out the activity. In conclusion, I will keep practicing to improve my English. At this college, I found we have a lot of opportunities such as presenting projects and I will not hesitate to discuss the projects in English. I found there are some foreign students and I am going to make friends with them in order to speak more. Word count: 255